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В английском языке существуют два способа описывать одни и те же действия: с помощью действительного залога (The Active Voice) страдательного залога (The Passive Voice). Сравните: Tense Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by Rita. Future Active: Rita will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
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Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в нужном лице, числе, времени и III формы основного глагола(Participle II): Simple Present Simple Past Future am is (not) are was Were will (not) be Participle II (III form,-ed) Когда важно кто (или что) совершил (совершило) действие, используется предлог by: She was given flowers by Steve. (not)
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Make Passive sentences in Simple Present. 1. the window / open 2. the shoes / buy 3. the car / wash 4. the letter / send 5. the book / read / not 6. the songs / sing / not 7.the shop / close / not
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Make Passive sentences in Simple Past. 1. the cat / feed 2. the test / write 3. the table / set 4. the house / build 5. dinner / serve 6. this computer / sell / not 7. the tables / clean / not
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Make Passive sentences in Future . 1. the exhibition / visit 2. the windows / clean 3. the message / read 4. the photo / take 5. these songs / sing 6. a dictionary / use / not 7. credit cards / accept / not
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Present 1. He opens the door. - 2. We set the table. - 3. She pays a lot of money. - 4. I draw a picture. - 5. He doesn"t open the book. – 6. You do not write the letter. - 7. Does the police officer catch the thief? -
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Past 1. She sang a song. - 2. We stopped the bus. - 3. A thief stole my car. - 4. They didn"t let him go. - 5. She didn"t win the prize. - 6. I did not tell them. - 7. Did he send the letter? -
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Future 1. Jane will buy a new computer. - 2. Millions of people will visit the museum. - 3. You will not do it. - 4. They will not show the new film. - 5. They will not ask him. - 6. Will the company employ a new worker? -
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Present. 1. He (sell) cars. 2. The blue car (sell) . 3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) than in winter. 4. She (call) her grandparents every Friday. 5. The letters (type) . 6. We (go) to school by bus. 7. She (work / not) for a bank.
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past. 1. They (visit) their granny. 2. We (visit) by our teacher. 3. She (go) to school in Boston. 4. The new shopping centre (build) last year. 5. The film (produce / not) in Hollywood. 6. Barbara (know) James very well. 7. We (spend / not) all day on the beach.
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Презентацию на тему "Passive voice" можно скачать абсолютно бесплатно на нашем сайте. Предмет проекта: Английский язык. Красочные слайды и иллюстрации помогут вам заинтересовать своих одноклассников или аудиторию. Для просмотра содержимого воспользуйтесь плеером, или если вы хотите скачать доклад - нажмите на соответствующий текст под плеером. Презентация содержит 13 слайд(ов).
Слайды презентации
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YOU WANT TO SHOW THAT OBJECT HAS THE LARGER IMPORTANCE THAN SUBJECT
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We use passive forms when: a) we don`t know WHO did it; The window was broken an hour ago. b) we are interested in WHAT happens, not WHO it is done by; His watch was stolen in the street. с) the situation is rather formal. Smoking is not allowed.
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Passive Voice be+V3
Somebody cleans every day. (active) subject is cleaned every day. (passive) The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the new sentence.
this room object This room subject
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Rewrite these sentences using Passive voice:
People don`t use this road very often. Somebody is using the comp at the moment. They have built a new hospital near the airport. They cancelled all flights because of fog. Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. The car was 3 years old but no one had used it very much. Somebody will translate this article tomorrow. By the end of the week Nick will have finished his report.
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If we want to say who does the action, we use by: This house was built by my grandfather. Two hundred people are employed by the company. If somebody does the action with the help of instruments, we use with: Meat should be cut with a knife. Food in Japan is eaten with chopsticks.
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Choose the right preposition:
1. Fish is cut … a special knife. 2. What do we usually dig … ? 3. These novels are written … A. J. Cronin. 4. The big tree was cut down … Jim. 5. The bridge was built … five workers. 6. Who is the portrait painted …? 7. Women`s dresses are sewed … dressmakers.
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Passive voice with the verbs that have two objects
Some verbs can have two objects: We gave the police the information. object 1 object 2 So it is possible to make two passive sentences: The police were given the information. Or The information was given to the police. Other verbs which can have two objects are: ask offer pay refuse send show teach tell
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Express the same in English using passive forms of the verbs
Мои часы украли вчера. Посмотри! Новый кинотеатр построили! Когда Павел вошел в комнату, обсуждали его проект. Все упражнения сделаны. Мы можем идти в кино. Когда с ним поговорят? Текст нужно будет перевести. Когда папа приехал, вещи были упакованы. Где статья? Ее переводят. Ее переведут через час. Джона Леннона знают не только в Англии. Мне разрешили пойти в кино.
Постарайтесь вовлечь аудиторию в рассказ, настройте взаимодействие с аудиторией с помощью наводящих вопросов, игровой части, не бойтесь пошутить и искренне улыбнуться (где это уместно).
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Passive Voice Пассивный залог (passive voice) показывает, что лицо или предмет, выраженное подлежащим, испытывает действие на себе: The big cake was baked by Sam. Пассивный залог употребляется когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель.
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В страдательном залоге не употребляются: 1) Непереходные глаголы, т.к. при них нет прямых дополнений, которые могли бы стать подлежащими при глаголе в форме Passive. Переходными в англ. языке называются глаголы, после которых в действительном залоге следует прямое дополнение; в русском языке это дополнение, отвечающее на вопросы винительного падежа – кого? что?: to build строить, to see видеть, to take брать, to open открывать и т.п. Непереходными глаголами называются такие глаголы, которые не требуют после себя прямого дополнения: to live жить, to come приходить, to fly летать, cry плакать и др. 2) Глаголы-связки: be – быть, become – становиться/стать. 3) Модальные глаголы. 4) Некоторые переходные глаголы не могут использоваться в страдательном залоге. В большинстве случаев это глаголы состояния, такие как: to fit годиться, быть впору to have иметь to lack не хватать, недоставать to like нравиться to resemble напоминать, быть похожим to suit годиться, подходить
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Пассивный залог в английском языке употребляется, как правило, с переходными глаголами, т.е. с глаголами, которые имеют после себя дополнение: 1) Ряд английских глаголов может иметь два дополнения – прямое и косвенное. Наиболее употребительны to tell, to give, to offer, to show, to pay, to promise, to send, to teach, to allow, to ask, to answer, to forgive, to invite, to advise. Такие глаголы образуют двойные конструкции в пассивном залоге. A very good job was offered to me. I was offered a very good job. 2) Многие глаголы в английском языке употребляются с дополнением, имеющим предлог. В таких случаях предлог занимает место после глагола в пассивном залоге. The doctor was sent for. This film is much spoken about.
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Глаголы to read, to sell, to wash, to clean, to peel, to crease, to break, to deform, to wear, to burn употребляются в форме активного залога, хотя и имеют пассивное значение. This dress washes and wears well and doesn’t crease. Love stories sell well. Dry leaves burn well. Такие глаголы, как: to have, to chance, to happen, to seem, to appear, to lack, to become, to fit, to suit, to resemble не употребляются в пассивном залоге, так как они обозначают не действие (или процесс), а состояние лица или предмета. John resembles his father. He has become a real professional. С пассивными конструкциями часто употребляются предлоги of, from, with, by. I was interrupted by a loud knock on the door. My country house is made of wood. This pie is made from eggs, milk and flour. He was shot with a gun.
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* PASSIVE VOICE Simple Progressive Perfect P.P Future will + be + V3, V (ed) Will be + being+ V3, V (ed) will have been +V3, V(ed) Present Am/is/are V3, V(ed) Am/is/are + +being+V3, V (ed) Have / has been + V3, V (ed) Past Was/were V3, V(ed) was / were + being+ V3, V(ed) Had been + V3, V(ed)
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Active Passive When rewriting active sentences in passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive A: Somebody cleans this room every day. OBJECT P: This room is cleaned every day. SUBJECT
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the verb BE has to be in the same tense as in active sentence A: Someone stole my sister’s bike yesterday. P: My sister’s bike was stolen yesterday. stole – past simple => BE = was/were to show who did the action, we use BY This house was built by my grandfather.
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to show who did the action, we use BY This house was built by my grandfather. I => me she => her you => you he => him we => us they => them I opened the door. => The door was opened by me. She cleans the room.=> The room is cleaned by her.
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Translate the verbs in Passive 1. A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow. 2. When (было написано) this letter? 3. Many places of interest (посещаются) by tourists. 4. When (была переведена) this article? 5. English (говорят) in many countries of the world. 6. The student (задают) many questions by the teacher now. 7. The film (показывали) when we entered the hall. 8. The device (был протестирован) by last month.
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Present or Simple Past. The Statue of Liberty (give) to the United States by France. It (be) a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States. The Statue of Liberty (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It (complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue then (ship) to New York, where it (arrive) on 17 June 1885. The pieces (put) together and the opening ceremony (take) place on 28 October 1886. The Statue of Liberty (be) 46 m high (93 m including the base). The statue (represent) the goddess of liberty. She (hold) a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand. On the tablet you (see / can) the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776). Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) by many people from all over the world.
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ACTIVE or PASSIVE ? The window (break) _________________. Someone (cook) _________ a meal in the kitchen right now. We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police tonight. My cat (run over) _____________ by the milk van. This homework (must do) ___________ tonight. Poems (write) ________________________________ in every culture . People all over the world (know) ___________ her name. The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived. The guests (serve) ___________ some tea after they had a seat. The students (do) ____________ these exercises before. is broken/ was broken is cooking were asked / will be asked was run over must be done are written / were written/ have been written Know/ knew was being looted/ had already been looted were served have done
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Change the following into Passive 1. They sell milk in this shop. 2. I have translated the whole text. 3. They broke the window last week. 4. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 5. We shall do the work in the evening. 6. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 7. They were playing tennis from four till five. 8. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 9. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 10. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 11. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 12. They have forgotten the story.
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Change the following into Passive. 1. Did they tell her the story? 2. What must we do about this? 3. What questions did they ask? 4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet? 5. Where did they park the car? 6. Will anyone tell him about the accident? 7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? 8. Who is cleaning my room?
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Choose the correct answer 1. Hazel won the lottery. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. C. The lottery is won by Hazel.
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2. The police interrogated Bryan. A. Bryan is interrogated by the police. B. Bryan was interrogated by the police. C. Bryan had been interrogated by the police.
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3. Peter has paid for the pizza. A. The pizza was paid for by Peter. B. The pizza has been paid for by Peter. C. The pizza is paid for by Peter.
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4. Joy will meet you at the airport. A. You will have met Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport.
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5. People highly respect his opinion. A. His opinion will be highly respected. B. His opinion was highly respected. C. His opinion is highly respected.
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6. Amanda upset me by what she said. A. I am upset by what he said. B. I was upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said.
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7. He is going to inform us later. A. We would be informed by him later. B. We are going to be informed by him later. C. We were going to be informed by him later.
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8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. C. Ten rioters should have been arrested last night.
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9. The Doctor may visit us next week. A. We may be visited by the Doctor next week. B. We maybe visited by the Doctor next week. C. We must be visited by the Doctor next week.
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10. Studying hard could have helped you. A. You could have helped by studying hard. B. You could have been helped by studying hard. C. You could be helped by studying hard.
The Passive Voice
Аглиуллина Илюза Минталибовна
учитель английского языка МБОУ «СОШ №45 с углубленным изучением отдельных предметов»
г. Набережные Челны
Республика Татарстан
Залог – это форма глагола, которая показывает: сам предмет или лицо выполняют действие (действительный залог) или действие производится над предметом или лицом (страдательный залог). Например: Ann painted a picture yesterday. (Active voice) The picture was painted by Ann yesterday. (Passive voice) Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола-помощника и 3 формы смыслового глагола, которая остаётся неизменной.
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will be |
Как работать над пассивом:
Transform the sentences. Use the Passive Voice.
1. My mother washes our clothes on Saturdays.
2. The pupil on duty will clean the blackboard during the break.
3. Vasnetsov painted nice pictures.
4. Mr Bell listens to the radio in the evenings.
5. We take tests in English regularly.
6. I will visit my relatives next week.
7.Helen collected her classmates’ photos for her new album.
8. They built the theater in 1970.
9. The mechanic will fix the car tomorrow.
10. I gave a nice present to my friend on his birthday.
Одной конструкции в действительном залоге могут соответствовать две в страдательном, т.е. прямое и косвенное дополнение могут стать подлежащими с глаголами:
to pay - платить to offer - предлагать
to send – посылать to promise - обещать
to give – давать to show - показывать
to tell - рассказывать to leave – оставлять
Например:
The teacher gave
косвенное дополнение
прямое дополнение
Переведи:
I was phoned yesterday.
We were shown a film.
You were sent a letter.
They were told a story.
Kate was offered help.
Мне позвонили вчера.
Нам показали фильм.
Тебе послали письмо.
Им рассказали историю.
Кате предложили помощь.
В страдательной конструкции с предложным дополнением предлог сохраняет своё место после глагола. Например:
They sent for the doctor.
The doctor was sent for.
Make passive constructions. Use the verbs:
to laugh at – смеяться над to send for - посылать за
to wait for – ждать to look for - искать
to refer to – ссылаться на to listen to - слушать
- Somebody laughs at my sister.
- We waited for the librarian
- Scientists often refer to this book.
- Everybody will listen to the lecture.
- Somebody sent for Mike’s parents.
- They look for this game everywhere.
My mother makes tasty every Sunday.
Моя мама печёт вкусные торты каждое воскресенье.
Вкусные торты выпекаются каждое воскресенье.
Tasty cakes are made every Sunday.
Tasty cakes are made by my mother every Sunday.
В презентации представлен материал по объяснению нового материала по теме "Страдательный залог". Презентация помогает учителю объяснять новый материал в доступной форме - слайды 1-7, а с 8 по 13 слайды даны тесты по материалу, 14 слайд - ключи к этим тестам.
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Active and Passive Voices. Действительный и cтрадательный залоги. Залог - это форма глагола, которая показывает, является ли подлежащее предложения производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым. Как уже было сказано выше, в английском языке имеется два залога: the Active Voice (действительный залог) и the Passive Voice (страдательный залог).
Страдательный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен, или когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель. Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем времени и III формы глагола (причастие II).
PASSIVE VOICE Indefinite Continuous Perfect Present am is + V3 are am is + being + V3 are have (has) + been + V3 Past was + V3 were was + being + V3 were had + been + V3 Future shall + be + V3 will shall + have + been + V3 will Future-in-the-Past should + be + V3 should + have + been + V3 would
Вопросительная форма образуется путём переноса (первого) вспомогательного глагола на место перед подлежащим, например: When was the work done ? Has the work been done? Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицания not, которое ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола, например: The work was not done last week. The work will not done tomorrow.
Сравним действительный залог со страдательным залогом: Active Voice Tom delivers the mail. Том доставляет почту. Tom delivered the mail. Том доставлял почту. Tom will deliver the mail. Том доставит почту. Passive Voice The mail is delivered by Tom. Почта доставляется Томом. The mail was delivered by Tom. Почта доставлялась Томом. The mail will be delivered by Tom. Почта будет доставляться Томом.
Как и в русском языке, существительное, играющее роль дополнения в предложении действительного залога, в предложении страдательного залога становится обычно подлежащим. Если в оборотах со страдательным залогом указан производитель действия, то в русском языке он обозначается творительным падежом, а в английском ему предшествует предлог by. Дополнение с предлогом with выражает орудие действия: Shafts are turned with cutters . Валы обтачиваются резцами. Употребление времени в английском страдательном залоге принципиально не отличается от его употребления в действительном залоге.
При переводе страдательного залога на русский язык возможны следующие варианты: 1. Краткая форма причастий страдательного залога I am invited to a party. Я приглашён на вечеринку. 2 . Глаголы, оканчивающие на -ся- All observations were made by a team of famous scientists. Все наблюдения проводились группой знаменитых учёных. 3. Неопределённо-личные предложения (этот способ перевода применим лишь в тех случаях, если производитель действия в английском страдательном залоге не упомянут). We were asked to come as early as possible. Нас попросили прийти как можно раньше.
Выбрать правильный вариант ответа: 1 . A new book _____ by that company next year. 1/ will publish 2/ will be published 2/is publishing 2 . When the manager arrived, the problem ____ 1/had already been solved 2/ had already solved 3/ had solved 3 . In more than 200 years the USA Constitution _____ 26 times. 1/is amended 2/ is being amended 3/ has been amended 4 . They _____ this clock now. 1/ are repaid 2. are repairing 3/are being repaired 5 . It"s a big company. It _____ two hundred people. 1/ is employed 2/ employs 3/employing
Тест 1. Выбрать правильный вариант ответа: 6 . Our plan _____ by the members of the committee. 1/ considers 2/ is being considered 3/is considered 7 . This is a large hall. Many parties _____ here. 1/ are held 2/ are being held 3/ has been held 8 . I don"t think we must _____ everything tomorrow. 1/ finish 2/ have finished 3/be finished 9 . America"s first college, Harvard, _____ in Massachusetts in 1636. 1/ is being founded 2/ had been founded 3/ was founded 10 . The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it _____ in Ann Arbor. 1/located 2/location 3/ is located
Выбрать правильный вариант ответа: 11 . The secretary _____ to her new boss yesterday . 1/ introduced 2/ was introduced is introduced 12. A prize _____ to whoever solves this equation. 1/will be giving 2/ will be given 3/ gives 13 . Tom _____ his key. 1/has lost 2/ has been lost 3/was lost 14 . A cinema is a place where films _____ 1/ show 2/ are shown 3/have been shown 15 . A new supermarket _____ next year. 1/will be built 2/ will built 3/ is building
Тест: Выберите правильный ответ 1 . Окно разбито. а) The window is broken . b) The window was broken . c) The window will be broken . 2. Окно было разбито. а) The window is broken . b) The window was broken . c) The window will be broken . 3. Окно будет разбито. а) The window is broken . b) The window was broken . c) The window will be broken . 4 . Камень брошен. а) The stone is thrown . b) The stone was thrown . c) The stone will be thrown . 5 . Фильм будет просмотрен. a) The film was seen . b) The film will be seen . c) The film is seen .
Тест2: Выберите правильный ответ 6 . Дом будет построе н. a) The house will be built . b) The house is built . c) The house was built . 7. Дом строится. a) The house is built . b) The house is being built . c) The house was built . 8. Дом строился какое-то время. a) The house is being built . b) The house was being built . c) The house was built . 9. Статья прочитана. a) The article is read . b) The article was read . c) The article was being read . 10. Статья читается. a) The article is read . b) The article is being read . c) The article was read .
Тест: Выберите правильный ответ 11 . Статья была прочитана. a) The article was read . b) The article is read . c) The article was being read. 12. Статья читалась в течение какого-то времени. a) The article was read . b) The article is read . c) The article was being read. 13. Статья будет прочитана. a) The article is read . b) The article will be read . c) The article was read.
Keys: Тест 1: 1-2, 2-1, 3-3, 4-2, 5-2, 6-2; 7-1; 8-1; 9-3; 10-3; 11-2; 12-2; 13-1; 14-2; 15-1. Тест 2: 1) a; 2) b; 3)c; 4)a; 5) b; 6)a; 7) b; 8)b; 9) a; 10) b; 11) a; 12) c; 13) b .
